Behind the Stamp
August 28, 2026

Self-Notarization: What It Means and Why It Can Make Your Documents Invalid in NY

You have the document in your hand. You are also, by a happy coincidence, a New York notary public. The notary block at the bottom is just sitting there, waiting…
Before You Sign
August 27, 2026

Notarizing a Lease Agreement: Landlords and Tenants, Here’s What You Need to Know

If I had a dollar for every time a landlord or tenant asked me, “Do I really need to get this lease notarized?” I would have retired long ago. The…
Behind the Stamp
August 26, 2026

How Much Can a Notary Charge in New York State? Fee Limits Explained

Fees are where New York notaries get nervous. We all know the answer in the abstract - “two dollars” - but the statute is deceptively short and the real-world questions…
Before You Sign
August 24, 2026

Will Notarization in New York: Do You Really Need It?

Of all the documents people ask me about, the will is the one that carries the most quiet anxiety. It is the most important legal instrument most of us will…
Before You Sign
August 21, 2026

Notarizing Pet Inheritance Documents: Yes, Your Fur Baby Counts!

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Trust and estate laws can be nuanced, and every pet’s and owner’s situation is different.…
Before You Sign
August 20, 2026

Notarizing a Child Custody Agreement: What Parents Need to Know

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice, and I am a notary public, not an attorney. Custody, visitation, and child support rules…
Before You Sign
August 19, 2026

Small Estate Affirmation Notarization: When You Can Skip Probate in NYS

Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. New York small estate statutes and court procedures are subject to change, and individual…
Behind the Stamp
August 17, 2026

NYS Notary Supplies Checklist: Everything You Need to Start (Stamp, Seal, Journal)

Welcome, fellow New York notary. Whether you have just received your commission or you are finally settling into a remote online practice, there is one question that almost every newly…
Before You Sign
August 14, 2026

How to Notarize a Document by Mail: What Nobody Tells You About NYS Notarization

If you have ever found yourself sitting at a kitchen table with an unsigned document in one hand and a mailbox in the other wondering whether you could simply mail…
Before You Sign
August 12, 2026

Bill of Sale Notarization: Cars, Boats, and Land in New York State

If you have ever bought or sold a vehicle, a boat, or personal property tied to land in New York, you have likely encountered the phrase “bill of sale.” Everyone…
Before You Sign
August 11, 2026

Notarizing Birth Certificates: How to Get a Certified Copy in New York

Your birth certificate is often the first document in your life, yet it is rarely the last one you will need. It is the foundation of your legal identity. Whether…
Before You Sign
August 10, 2026

HELOC Notarization: Home Equity Lines Explained for First-Timers

If you have ever wondered what it means to borrow against the equity in your home, you have likely heard the term HELOC. It stands for Home Equity Line of…
Behind the Stamp
August 7, 2026

NYS Notary Training: Best Online Courses to Pass the Exam

If you are reading this, chances are you are considering becoming a Notary Public in New York State. Perhaps you have already submitted your application or are simply curious about…
Before You Sign
August 6, 2026

Quitclaim Deed Notarization: When to Use One and What You’ll Need

Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Real property laws and recording requirements can change, and every transaction is fact-specific. Before…
Before You Sign
August 5, 2026

Power of Attorney Notarization in New York: 5 Types You Should Know About

Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The laws governing Powers of Attorney in New York State are subject to change,…
Before You Sign
August 3, 2026

Notary Public Services You Didn’t Know You Needed (But Will)

Disclaimer: This article is written from the perspective of a New York State Remote Online Notary and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. Every…
Before You Sign
July 31, 2026

Estate Tax Return Notarization: What Executives Need Before Filing

Disclaimer: This blog post is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or tax advice. Estate tax laws and notarial requirements are subject to change. Please consult…
Before You Sign
July 29, 2026

Refinance Notary Services: What Lenders Look for in the Signing Process

Disclaimer: This blog post is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. Notary requirements may vary depending on your lender, your loan type, and…
Behind the Stamp
July 28, 2026

What to Do When Your Notary Seal Expires: Renewal Checklist

As fellow New York State notaries, we all know that feeling - that moment when you reach for your trusty stamp or fire up your eSeal only to realize your…
Before You Sign
July 27, 2026

Business Formation Documents: LLC and Corporation Notary Checklist

Starting a new business is one of the most exciting and rewarding steps you can take. Whether you are forming a Limited Liability Company, incorporating as a corporation, or even…
Before You Sign
July 24, 2026

Acceptable IDs for Notarization: The Complete List of Valid Identification

When you sit down for a notarization, one of the first things asked will be to pull out your identification. It seems like such a small step, but it is…
Before You Sign
July 22, 2026

Reverse Mortgage Notarization: What Makes It Different from Regular Loans?

If you have been thinking about a reverse mortgage, or if a loved one is exploring the option, you might assume the closing and signing process is similar to a…
Before You Sign
July 21, 2026

Affidavit Notarization: When to Use It and How to Complete It Properly

What Is an Affidavit? An affidavit is a written statement voluntarily made by an individual (called an “affiant” or “deponent”) under an oath or affirmation, which is administered by a…
Before You Sign
July 20, 2026

How Long Does a Standard Notarization Take? (And Why It Varies)

Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Notary requirements and timelines can vary by document type and individual circumstances. Always consult…
Before You Sign
July 17, 2026

Healthcare Directive Notarization: Making Sure Your Wishes Are Legally Binding

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws and requirements may change over time, and every individual’s situation is unique. Please consult…
Before You Sign
July 16, 2026

Selling Your Second Home: Remote Notary Services for Out-of-State Sellers

If you’re reading this, chances are you’ve already made the decision to sell a second home somewhere across the country, and now you’re staring at a stack of documents wondering…
Before You Sign
July 14, 2026

Birth Certificate Apostille: The Complete Checklist for Parents Sending Kids Abroad

Disclaimer: This blog post is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Apostille requirements and government processes can change without notice, so always verify current requirements…
Before You Sign
July 13, 2026

Power of Attorney: What Types of POA Require Notarization?

When to Notarize As a notary, I often hear the same question: “Does my power of attorney need to be notarized?” The short answer is yes, virtually all of them…
Before You Sign
July 10, 2026

Affidavit of Support: Notarizing Forms for Family Visiting You Abroad

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Immigration and visa requirements vary by country and change frequently. Always check the current requirements…
Before You Sign
July 9, 2026

Title Transfer Notarization: The Step-by-Step Guide for First-Time Property Sellers

Disclaimer: This guide is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, or financial advice. Real estate laws and tax requirements in New York State are subject…
Before You Sign
July 8, 2026

Business Resolutions and Minutes: Remote Signatures for Corporate NY Entities

Disclaimer: This article is written from the perspective of a New York State Remote Online Notary and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. Every…
Before You Sign
July 6, 2026

Teen Drivers: Notarizing Vehicle Titles for Your Child’s First Car

There is something truly magical about handing the keys to your first car. That moment when your teenager becomes a driver - the excitement, the independence, the slight anxiety mixed…
Before You Sign
July 3, 2026

Digital Apostille Services: Navigating International Document Requirements in 2026

Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Apostille requirements and procedures can change, and different countries may have specific document requirements.…
Before You Sign
July 2, 2026

Living Trust Documents: Notary Rules You Must Follow to Avoid Rejection

Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Notary requirements and state laws are subject to change. Always consult a qualified estate…
Before You Sign
July 1, 2026

College Prep: Notarizing Transcripts and Applications Ahead of the Fall

Imagine this: it is early September, and your high school junior or senior has just opened their college application portal. The Common App looks simple enough, but then the requirements…
Behind the Stamp
June 29, 2026

Becoming a Certified Loan Signing Agent with RON Capabilities

Picture this: it is a Tuesday evening in late May. You are sitting at your kitchen table, sipping a cup of tea, with a laptop open. On your screen, a…
Before You Sign
June 26, 2026

Vehicle Title Notarization: Selling a Car Private Party?

Private car sales are one of the most common notary-related transactions I see in New York, even though the state keeps its rules surprisingly straightforward. The problem is that nobody…
Before You Sign
June 25, 2026

Real Estate Closing Table Tips: What Notaries Look For on Move-In Day

Imagine this: you have spent months searching for your dream home, negotiating offers, jumping through mortgage underwriting, waiting for the appraisal, and finally, your lender says the magic words -…
Before You Sign
June 23, 2026

Summer Storm Prep: Notarizing Insurance Claims and Damage Affidavits

A sudden summer thunderstorm rolls through your neighborhood in the middle of the night. You wake up to find standing water in the basement, a branch resting across the garage…
Behind the Stamp
June 22, 2026

Just Got Your NYS RON License? Startup Guide for New Electronic Notaries

You did it! Your electronic notary commission has arrived, you have processed the $60 application through NY Business Express, submitted your exemplar to the Department of State, and you are…
Before You Sign
June 18, 2026

Irrevocable vs Revocable Trusts: The Ultimate RON Workflow

As a New York State Remote Online Notary Public, I notarize many trusts every year - both the kind you can change and the kind you cannot. I see people…
Before You Sign
June 17, 2026

The “Snowbird” Strategy: Notarizing Documents from Your Florida Rental

Imagine it is late November. You are sitting in a sunlit living room in Sarasota, sipping iced coffee through a straw, staring out at the pool. Your heating bill back…
Before You Sign
June 16, 2026

Advance Directives: Ensuring Your Remote Notary Compliance for Medical Docs

The Paper You Sign Before It Matters Imagine this scenario. It is a Tuesday morning in late March. Your parent wakes up after a minor fall at home. Within a…
Before You Sign
June 15, 2026

Top 10 Questions NY Notaries Get About RON

If you have never experienced Remote Online Notarization (RON), you might be picturing a complicated technical ordeal. Honestly, it is much simpler than most people imagine. As a New York…
Before You Sign
June 12, 2026

Summer Clearance for Your Life: Organizing and Notarizing Your Most Important Papers

Summer Clearout Summer is a season of renewal. We refresh our spaces, reset our routines, and reevaluate what matters most. We bring out the deep-cleaning supplies, toss what no longer…
Before You Sign
June 11, 2026

Snowbird Season Early? Notarizing Medical Directives for Your Winter Retreat

The calendar says June, but if you have been reading the weather reports lately, you might be thinking: is snowbird season starting a little early this year? Rising summer temperatures…
Before You Sign
June 9, 2026

Revocable Living Trusts: The Ultimate Remote Notarization Workflow

Picture this: you have planned your estate meticulously, your trust documents are drafted and ready, and all that remains is a proper notarization. But life is busy, scheduling in-person appointments…
Before You Sign
June 8, 2026

NYS Park Season: Notarizing Hunting, Fishing, and Camping Affidavits

As a New York State Remote Online Notary Public, I spend most of my sessions helping clients with powers of attorney, affidavits of residency, and estate documents. But did you…
Before You Sign
June 5, 2026

Last-Minute Summer Internships: Fingerprinting and Notarization for Career Starters

Summer is already well upon us, and if you are reading this, chances are you have found yourself in one of two situations: you are a recent graduate or career…
Before You Sign
June 4, 2026

Digital Nomads: Keeping Your Business Running with RON Services

You pack your laptop, grab your coffee, and set off for a co-working space in Bali. Or maybe you decide to base yourself in a Lisbon café for the winter,…
Before You Sign
June 3, 2026

Gap Year Adventures: Notarizing Letters of Consent for Traveling Teens

The Rise of Gap Year Travel Gap year travel has become one of the most popular ways for high school graduates to explore the world before diving into college or…
Before You Sign
June 2, 2026

Beach Life and Paperwork: Why Remote Online Notarization is Your Best Friend

When Sand Meets the Signature If you have ever been told you need to get a document notarized while enjoying a weekend getaway, then you know the feeling. You are…
Behind the Stamp
May 29, 2026

Handling Tech Glitches Mid-Session: 5 Backup Plans for NYS Notaries

Let’s Begin… Picture this: you are sitting at your desk ready to notarize a Power of Attorney document. The video session is live, your client is holding up their driver’s…
Before You Sign
May 28, 2026

Advance Directive Notarization: Making Medical Decisions Official

All Things Medical We go through life assuming tomorrow will look much like today, and that if something goes wrong, someone will automatically know what we would want. But the…
Before You Sign
May 27, 2026

Education Document Apostille: A Step-by-Step Guide for International Students

If you are reading this, chances are you are an international student - or someone helping one - who needs to get academic credentials officially recognized in another country. Perhaps…
Before You Sign
May 26, 2026

I-9 Form Notarization: HR Best Practices for New Hire Documentation

All About New Hire Forms As a New York State Remote Online Notary, I see firsthand how the simplest paperwork can create headaches for small businesses and HR teams across…
Before You Sign
May 22, 2026

Notary Seal vs. Electronic Stamp: What is the Difference?

If you have ever sat across from a notary public waiting for your document to be officially sealed, you have probably noticed that little squelch of the rubber stamp being…
Before You Sign
May 21, 2026

Dissolution of Marriage Notarization: What Happens at Divorce Filing?

Disclaimer: This blog post is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. I am a commissioned notary public in the State of New York, not an…
Before You Sign
May 20, 2026

Medical Directives & Healthcare POAs: Remote Signing Best Practices

Usually people don’t think about their own health care until the day they need it. Maybe you are a busy professional trying to get ahead. Maybe you are a middle-aged…
Before You Sign
May 19, 2026

Tax Returns and 1099s: When the NY Dept of Ed or IRS Requires Notarization

The Hidden Life of Your Tax Documents We all know the drill. Every January and February, the papers start to pile up. W-2s, 1099s, and various other forms arrive in…
Before You Sign
May 15, 2026

Marriage Certificate Legalization: What Couples Need Before Moving Overseas

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general educational purposes to assist couples planning to relocate internationally with understanding the marriage certificate legalization process and the role of…
Before You Sign
May 14, 2026

Final Will and Testament: 5 Common Notary Mistakes That Invalidate Your Estate Plan

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general educational purposes to assist New York residents, estate planners, and families with understanding the notary process for wills and testamentary…
Behind the Stamp
May 12, 2026

How to Conduct a Proper ‘Raising of the Oath’ Remotely Without Losing the Paper Trail

The Soul of Our Profession in the Digital Age Fellow notaries, if there is one thing we agree on across the industry, it is that the “oath” is the heartbeat…
Before You Sign
May 11, 2026

Embassy Legalization vs. Apostille: What’s the Difference?

The Global Nature of New York City Documents New York City is one of the most internationally connected cities on the planet. 🌍✈️ From financial institutions in Midtown to immigrant…
Before You Sign
May 7, 2026

Power of Attorney Notarization: Who Can Sign and When Does It Expire?

The Quiet Power of a Single Signature In the world of legal documentation, few papers carry as much weight (and as much emotional gravity) as a Power of Attorney (POA).…
Before You Sign
May 6, 2026

Mortgage Document Notarization: What Can Go Wrong (And How to Fix It)

The High-Stakes Finish Line of Your Homebuying Journey If there is one universal truth in the world of real estate, it’s this: nothing induces a unique brand of stress quite…
Before You Sign
May 5, 2026

Condo Deeds and HUD-1 Forms: The High-Volume Document Types NYC Notaries Face Daily

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general educational purposes to assist homebuyers, sellers, and real estate professionals with understanding the notary process for New York State property…
Behind the Stamp
May 4, 2026

The Ultimate Guide to In-Person Notarizations in NY: Your RON Commission Works for Both!

If you’re a New York State notary who jumped on the Remote Online Notary (RON) bandwagon, you might find yourself in a familiar boat right now: you love the flexibility…
Before You Sign
May 1, 2026

Beyond the Closing Table: Why Real Estate Attorneys and Title Companies Are Switching to E-Notarization in New York State

For over a century, the traditional image of a real estate closing in New York has remained remarkably consistent: a crowded conference room, the heavy rustle of paper, the scratch…
Before You Sign
April 29, 2026

What Is a Jurat vs. an Acknowledgement?

Which Does Your Document Need? If you’ve ever had to sign an important legal document, file a court submission, or close on a property in New York, you’ve likely encountered…
Behind the Stamp
April 28, 2026

Adding Signers Mid-Course: How to Bring in a New Witness or Signer Remotely

The Modern Notary Session is Flexible, but It Requires Planning In the traditional notary world, a notarization was a rigid event. Everyone needed to walk through the door at the…
Before You Sign
April 24, 2026

Small Claims Court & Eviction Notices: Why These Civil Documents Need Fast Verification

When Civil Deadlines Don’t Wait for You In the world of civil litigation, time is not just money - it is your legal leverage. Whether you are a landlord preparing…
Before You Sign
April 23, 2026

Can You Notarize a Handwritten Letter in New York State?

A Heartfelt Question We Get Asked All the Time If you are reading this, chances are good that you have recently penned a heartfelt letter, drafted a personal affidavit on…
Behind the Stamp
April 21, 2026

Why Your Notary Journal Should Be Digital (And Which Electronic Systems Are Approved)

The Leather-Bound Dream That Turned Into a Paperwork Nightmare Picture this: it’s been five years since you set up your notary practice. You started strong - ordered that beautiful leather-bound…
Before You Sign
April 20, 2026

Apostille vs. Authentication: When NY Businesses Need Each for International Documents

The Core Question: What Country Is This Going To? Before we talk seals, stamps, or processing queues, there is only one question that dictates everything else: Which country will receive…
Before You Sign
April 17, 2026

The Rise of Blockchain-Powered Notary Bonds: Is New York Ready?

Understanding Blockchain Technology: Beyond the Hype If you’ve heard terms like “distributed ledger” or “cryptographic hash function” and felt your eyes glaze over, I understand completely. As notaries who encounter…
Before You Sign
April 16, 2026

From Wedding Certificates to Court Orders: A Guide to Non-Standard Documents You Can/Can’t Notarize in NY

The Perplexing World of Notarization Ah, notarization - it’s one of those things most people encounter when least expecting it. You suddenly need a document notarized because you’re buying a…
Before You Sign
April 15, 2026

Navigating Cross-Border Notarization: Using Documents in the UK or Canada

What Is an Apostille and Why Is It Essential? An apostille is a specialized certificate issued under the 1961 Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents.…
Before You Sign
April 14, 2026

New York’s Updated Notary Law: What Changed After the March 2026 Session? (Residential Real Property)

Understanding the March 2026 Amendments During the March 2026 Legislative Session, New York State enacted Assembly Bill A10441, introduced on March 6, 2026. This landmark legislation specifically addresses notary duties…
Before You Sign
April 10, 2026

New Assembly Bill A9232: A Notary’s Take

The Digital Transformation of New York Notarial Practice As a New York State commissioned remote online notary publics, we find ourselves at a pivotal moment in our professional landscape. On…
Before You Sign
April 9, 2026

How Online Notarization Works: The Specifics

Getting Into the Details In the State of New York, where real estate deals worth millions change hands and life-altering legal documents take shape every single day, one role stands…
Before You Sign
April 8, 2026

Navigating Changing Laws & Regulations: NYS Remote Online Notary

Staying Up-to-Date Welcome to this comprehensive analysis of New York State’s Remote Online Notarization (RON) legal landscape as it stands in early 2026. As a New York State commissioned Remote…
Before You Sign
April 7, 2026

International Documents: Apostille, Legalization & Cross-Border Remote Notarization

Disclaimer: This guide provides general information about international document authentication processes as of April 2026. It does not constitute legal advice or guarantee acceptance by foreign authorities. Authentication requirements change…
Before You Sign
April 3, 2026

Wills and Trusts: Document Notarization Requirements and Best Practices

Wills and Trusts in New York State The creation of a last will and testament or the establishment of a trust is one of the most significant estate planning decisions…
Before You Sign
April 2, 2026

The Role of Notary Public Through History

What is a Notary Public? In the bustling financial capital of America, where real estate deals close millions and legal documents shape countless lives every day, one role stands as…
Behind the Stamp
April 1, 2026

Essential Tools for Remote Online Notaries

Your Technology Resource Guide Remote Online Notarization (RON) has transformed the modern notary landscape, offering unprecedented convenience while maintaining security standards that protect both notaries and signers alike. As we…
Before You Sign
March 30, 2026

What Are the Costs Associated with Online and Traditional Notary Services in New York State?

Understanding Your Costs Before we explore notary service costs in detail, let’s establish essential clarity on what to expect when engaging online notary services. Quick Cost Reference: Online Remote Notarization…
Before You Sign
March 27, 2026

Security and Privacy: How Online Notaries Protect Your Sensitive Information

In today’s increasingly digital world, online notarization offers unprecedented convenience while maintaining the rigorous security standards that New York State has established to protect your most important documents. Whether you’re…
Before You Sign
March 25, 2026

Documents Family Caregivers Need to Have Notarized in NYS: A Complete Guide

Disclaimer: This blog post provides general information about New York State notary requirements and should NOT be considered legal advice. Laws may change, and individual circumstances vary significantly. Consult with…
Behind the Stamp
March 24, 2026

Getting Your NYS Remote Online Notary Commission: A Step-by-Step Guide

Getting Started As of January 25, 2023, New York joined 39 states legalizing remote online notarization through Senate Bill 1780C (N.Y. Executive Law §135-c). This legislation, signed by Governor Kathy…
Behind the Stamp
March 23, 2026

Papering Out Documents: Step-by-Step County Clerk Recording Process for Electronically Notarized Documents

Disclaimer: This blog post provides guidance about New York State electronic notarization requirements as of March 2026. Laws and regulations may change. Always verify current requirements with the New York…
Before You Sign
March 20, 2026

Real Estate Documents Explained: Which Property Papers Need Notarization?

A Complete Guide for New York State Home Buyers and Sellers (2026 Edition) Congratulations on taking an important step toward your real estate journey! Whether you’re purchasing your first home,…
Behind the Stamp
March 19, 2026

Top 5 Remote Online Notary (RON) Platforms

Consider Your Options Remote online notarization has revolutionized how notaries serve clients across the United States. For New York State notaries who became eligible to perform Remote Online Notarization (RON),…
Before You Sign
March 18, 2026

Remote Online Notarization Rules for New York State: Complete 2026 Guide

Disclaimer: This article provides general informational content about New York State Remote Online Notarization regulations under Executive Law Section 135-C. For authoritative legal guidance, consult the NYS Department of State…
Before You Sign
March 16, 2026

Power of Attorney Document Notarization: NYS Requirements and Best Practices

Understanding POA A Power of Attorney (POA) is a critical legal document that empowers you to appoint a trusted individual—the “agent” or “attorney-in-fact”—to make decisions and take actions on your…
Before You Sign
March 13, 2026

Choosing an Online Notary: 7 Questions Every Client Should Ask

Why Choosing the Right Online Notary Matters In our increasingly digital world, remote online notarization (RON) has transformed from an innovative option to an essential service for millions of Americans.…
Before You Sign
March 11, 2026

Why Your Notary Session is Being Recorded & How It Protects You

Disclaimer: Before you continue reading this guide, please understand: This document provides general information about Remote Online Notarization (RON) video recording practices. For the most accurate and current information regarding…
Before You Sign
March 10, 2026

Affidavits and Sworn Statements: When Do They Need Notarization

In the complex world of legal documentation, few documents are as common or as important as affidavits. These sworn written statements serve as a foundational element in countless legal proceedings,…
Before You Sign
March 6, 2026

Remote Online Notarization vs Traditional In-Person: Pros, Cons, & Legal Validity

When digital convenience meets legal necessity, understanding notarization options is more critical than ever. Two primary methods serve this purpose: Remote Online Notarization (RON) and Traditional In-Person Notarization. Important Legal…
Before You Sign
March 4, 2026

Business Documents That Need Notarization: Corporate Forms for Entrepreneurs

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about New York notary requirements and is NOT legal advice. Notary laws can change, and specific business situations may require unique considerations. Always consult…